{"id":5937,"date":"2026-10-27T13:30:35","date_gmt":"2026-10-27T12:30:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dil-93.hr\/cro\/docs\/rip-interna-baza-znanja\/rstickets-kategorija-0\/rstickets-103\/"},"modified":"2026-10-27T14:09:26","modified_gmt":"2026-10-27T13:09:26","slug":"pitanja-i-odgovori","status":"publish","type":"docs","link":"https:\/\/dil-93.hr\/cro\/docs\/rip-interna-baza-znanja\/nerazvrstano\/pitanja-i-odgovori\/","title":{"rendered":"Pitanja i odgovori"},"content":{"rendered":"

Što je VOIP?<\/strong>
\nVoIP je skra\u0107enica od eng. slo\u017eenice Voice over Internet Protocol i ime je za komunikacijsku tehnologiju koja omogu\u0107ava prijenos zvu\u010dne komunikacije preko internetske mre\u017ee. Tehnologija je postala popularna razvojem širokopojasnog interneta, jer u ve\u0107ini slu\u010dajeva omogu\u0107ava besplatno telefoniranje s ra\u010dunala na ra\u010dunalo te jeftinije telefoniranje s ra\u010dunala na mobitele i fiksnu liniju.<\/p>\n

Što je UTP?<\/strong>
\nUTP cables are found in many Ethernet networks and telephone systems. For indoor telephone applications, UTP is often grouped into sets of 25 pairs according to a standard 25-pair color code originally developed by AT&T Corporation. A typical subset of these colors (white\/blue, blue\/white, white\/orange, orange\/white) shows up in most UTP cables. The cables are typically made with copper wires measured at 22 or 24 American Wire Gauge (AWG),[3] with the colored insulation typically made from an insulator such as polyethylene or FEP and the total package covered in a polyethylene jacket.
\nUTP cable is also the most common cable used in computer networking. Modern Ethernet, the most common data networking standard, can use UTP cables. Twisted pair cabling is often used in data networks for short and medium length connections because of its relatively lower costs compared to optical fiber and coaxial cable.<\/p>\n

Što je IP?<\/strong>
\nIP broj ili IP adresa je jedinstvena broj\u010dana oznaka ra\u010dunala na internetu.
\nIP adrese se dijele na one privatne i javne. Javne IP adrese su jedinstvene, globalne i standardizirane. Razvojem Interneta po\u010delo je nedostajati sve više i više slobodnih IP adresa. Rješenje tog problema su bile privatne IP adrese. Privatne adrese mogu biti duplicirane uz uvjet da se ne nalaze u istoj lokalnoj mre\u017ei. Prilikom izlaska korisnika iz lokalne mre\u017ee na Internet, privatna adresa IP adresa se pretvara u javnu IP adresu pomo\u0107u metoda NAT (Network Address Translation) i PAT (Port Address Translation).<\/p>\n

Što je switch?<\/strong>
\nSwitch je ure\u0111aj koji upravlja protok podataka izme\u0111u dijelova lokalne mre\u017ee (LAN). Za razliku od hub-a, switch dijeli mre\u017eni promet te ga šalje na odre\u0111ena odredišta, dok hub šalje podatke na sve ure\u0111aje koji su u mre\u017ei. Koristi se za mre\u017ee srednje veli\u010dine, jer je bolji i efikasniji od hub-a. Switch daje ra\u010dunaru punu brzinu jedne konekcije (recimo 10 Mbps) ako je to mogu\u0107e, dok ra\u010dunari prikop\u010dani na hub dobijaju samo dio te konekcije što bi bilo neupotrebljivo ako bi se radilo o ve\u0107em broju ra\u010dunara, pogotovo ako se radi o prijenosu ve\u0107ih datoteka.<\/p>\n

Što je router?<\/strong>
\nUsmjeriva\u010d ili usmjernik (engl. router) je ure\u0111aj koji usmjerava podatkovne pakete na njihovom putu kroz ra\u010dunalnu mre\u017eu pri \u010demu se taj proces odvija na mre\u017enom sloju OSI modela.
\nUsmjeriva\u010di su u osnovi ra\u010dunala specifi\u010dne namjene. Danas naj\u010deš\u0107e govorimo o usmjeriva\u010dima u IP mre\u017eama, jer je njihova najve\u0107a primjena upravo za potrebe najve\u0107e ra\u010dunalne mre\u017ee danas – Interneta. Osnovni zadatak koji usmjeriva\u010di obavljaju je da za svaki paket koji pristigne na neko od mre\u017enih su\u010delja na usmjeriva\u010du provjere odredišnu IP adresu, u svojoj tablici usmjeravanja prona\u0111u gdje treba preusmjeriti taj paket te ga onda proslijede na odgovaraju\u0107e su\u010delje.
\nUsmjeriva\u010di me\u0111usobno razmjenjuju informacije o tome gdje se pojedine IP adrese ili cijele IP mre\u017ee nalaze putem specifi\u010dnih usmjeriva\u010dkih protokola. Iako je osnovna funkcionalnost usmjeriva\u010da prili\u010dno jednostavna u praksi je njihov zadatak prili\u010dno slo\u017een, te je zbog slo\u017eene konstrukcije, specifi\u010dnog operacijskog sustava i softvera koje usmjeriva\u010di koriste njihova konstrukcija \u010desto kompleksna i cijena visoka.
\nVa\u017eno je napomenuti da svako ra\u010dunalo spojeno na ra\u010dunalnu mre\u017eu mora znati obaviti osnovnu funkcionalnost usmjeravanja, iako zbog \u010dinjenice da primjerice osobna ra\u010dunala imaju samo jedno mre\u017eno su\u010delje taj zadatak nije isuviše kompliciran. Ipak, postupak je u osnovi isti: osobno ra\u010dunalo dakle zna primiti paket s odredišnom adresom tog ra\u010dunala, te zna proslijediti pakete koje to ra\u010dunalo šalje natrag prema mre\u017ei, naj\u010deš\u0107e prema najbli\u017eem usmjeriva\u010du.<\/p>\n

Što je VPN (virtualna privatna mre\u017ea)<\/strong>
\nVirtualna privatna mre\u017ea (engl. Virtual Private Network) predstavlja komunikacijski sustav koji koristi infrastrukturu interneta za fleksibilniji i ekonomi\u010dniji prijenos podataka izme\u0111u udaljenih ureda, virtualnih ureda te djelatnika koji koriste prijenosna ra\u010dunala povezivanjem u jednu privatnu ra\u010dunalnu mre\u017eu, tj. on osigurava siguran pristup ra\u010dunalnim resursima s vanjskih lokacija. VPN mo\u017ee postojati izme\u0111u ra\u010dunala i privatne mre\u017ee (client-to-server) ili mre\u017ee ra\u010dunala na udaljenoj lokaciji koja je povezana sa centralnim uredom (server-to-server). Sigurnosne mjere koje se primjenjuju su razli\u010dite ali svakako koriste tuneliranje, enkripciju paketa, autorizaciju korisnika i kontrolu pristupa virtualnom privatnoj mre\u017ei. Naravno, VPN se mo\u017ee konfigurirati bez enkripcije paketa ili autorizacije korisnika, ali bi trebao biti kriptiran, tuneliran i zašti\u0107en od znati\u017eeljnih o\u010diju.
\nPostoje dva glavna tipa VPN-a:
\n– Secure VPN
\n– Trusted VPN<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":5837,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","_is_vendor_doc":"0","footnotes":""},"doc_tag":[],"class_list":["post-5937","docs","type-docs","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nPitanja i odgovori - Dil-93<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dil-93.hr\/cro\/docs\/rip-interna-baza-znanja\/nerazvrstano\/pitanja-i-odgovori\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hr_HR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pitanja i odgovori\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Što je VOIP? 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